Factores relacionados con la sobrecarga que intervienen sobre la salud, las actividades económicas, laborales y sociales de los cuidadores principales de pacientes crónicos / Factors related to work overload that affect health, financial, occupational, and social activities of the primary caregiver

OBJETIVO: Conocer áreas de la vida de los cuidadores principales (CP) que pueden afectarse por cuidar en relación con variables del paciente y de CP: problemas de salud, laborales, económicos y sociales y el papel que la sobrecarga de los CP puede tener. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, 167 enfermos crónicos dependientes y sus CP. Se analizan impactos de cuidar sobre problemas de salud, laborales y económicos, mantener relaciones sociales en CP, variables demográficas, edad y sexo, cuidados, actividades y tiempo de cuidar. Pacientes dependientes, se estudia la tipología psicosocial de su enfermedad, cronología, dependencia, discapacidad e inmovilidad. Para el estudio de la sobrecarga de los CP se ha empleado la escala de Zarit reducida de ocho ítems. RESULTADOS: El 68,8% de los CP tenían problemas de salud, 20,9% económicos, 19,6% laborales y 50,9% para mantener relaciones familiares y sociales positivas. El impacto sobre la salud de los CP se relaciona con la tipología psicosocial A, mayor grado de dependencia e inmovilidad, género y mayor número de actividades de cuidar. El impacto sobre las actividades laborales se relaciona con la edad (< 66 años), género y convivencia en el hogar. El impacto sobre las relaciones sociales solo se relaciona con el parentesco. Los problemas económicos no tienen relación con variables del paciente. La sobrecarga de los CP se relaciona con problemas de salud, laborales, económicos y sociales. CONCLUSIONES: El impacto sobre la salud y las áreas económica, laboral y social de los CP se relacionan con variables de la persona enferma y de CP y especialmente con la sobrecarga percibida por los CP

OBJECTIVE: To determine the areas of the life of primary caregivers (CP) that may be affected by caring for a patient, as well as the CP variables: health, occupational, economic and social problems, as well as the role that CP overload can play. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 dependent chronic patients and their CPs. It included and analysis on the impact of caring about health, occupational, and economic problems, as well as maintaining social relationships in CP. A record was made of, demographic variables, age and gender, care, activities, time to care. For the dependent patients, the psychosocial typology of their disease, chronology, dependence, disability, and immobility was studied. The Zarit scale reduced by 8 items has been used for the study of the overload of CPs. RESULTS: More than two-thirds (68.8%) of CPs had health problems, 20.9% economic, 19.6% occupational, and 50.9% for positive family and social relationships. The health impact of CPs is related to psychosocial A typology, an increased level of dependence and immobility, gender, and greater number of care activities. The impact on work activities is related to age (66 years) gender, and home coexistence. The impact on social relationships is only related to kinship. Economic problems have no relationship to patient variables. The overload of CPs is related to health, work, financial, and social problems. CONCLUSIONS: The health, financial, occupational, and social impact of CPs relate to variables of the sick person and CP, and especially to the overload perceived by the CPs

[Factors related to work overload that affect health, financial, occupational, and social activities of the primary caregiver]. / Factores relacionados con la sobrecarga que intervienen sobre la salud, las actividades económicas, laborales y sociales de los cuidadores principales de pacientes crónicos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the areas of the life of primary caregivers (CP) that may be affected by caring for a patient, as well as the CP variables: health, occupational, economic and social problems, as well as the role that CP overload can play. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 dependent chronic patients and their CPs. It included and analysis on the impact of caring about health, occupational, and economic problems, as well as maintaining social relationships in CP. A record was made of, demographic variables, age and gender, care, activities, time to care. For the dependent patients, the psychosocial typology of their disease, chronology, dependence, disability, and immobility was studied. The Zarit scale reduced by 8 items has been used for the study of the overload of CPs. RESULTS: More than two-thirds (68.8%) of CPs had health problems, 20.9% economic, 19.6% occupational, and 50.9% for positive family and social relationships. The health impact of CPs is related to psychosocial A typology, an increased level of dependence and immobility, gender, and greater number of care activities. The impact on work activities is related to age (66 years) gender, and home coexistence. The impact on social relationships is only related to kinship. Economic problems have no relationship to patient variables. The overload of CPs is related to health, work, financial, and social problems CONCLUSIONS: The health, financial, occupational, and social impact of CPs relate to variables of the sick person and CP, and especially to the overload perceived by the CPs.

Tabacosis y asma, dos patologías muy prevalentes / Smoking and asthma, two diseases very frequent

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